Wilderness Etiquette: Enjoy the Land, but Don't Socialize With its Residents

Conservation Program Coordinator

As spring arrives, members enjoying their explorations may notice that wild species are also more abundant. In Southern California, there are several common wildlife species we should be aware of during excursions.

Rattlesnakes

Rattlesnakes are the only venomous reptiles native to California. They can be recognized by their broad heads, light colored bodies with brown blotches and the notorious rattle bringing up the rear. Younger rattlesnakes may have a button, rather than a full rattle.

Rattlers are most active April through October, hibernating during the winter months. As reptiles, rattlers are ectothermic and do not generate their own body heat. During afternoon hours they may be seen sunbathing along trailsides.

To ensure your own safety, avoid stepping over logs or rocks unless you can clearly see what is on the other side. Listen for the telltale rattling sound (though be aware that they don't always rattle).

Stay on established trails. Keep young children close and dogs on leashes to avoid surprise encounters.

Rattlesnakes use venom as a natural defense against predators and to paralyze their prey. Adult rattlers sometimes inflict a dry bite in which no venom is released.

In the event of a rattlesnake bite, keep the victim calm and seek medical attention immediately. Never apply ice or a tourniquet. Do not attempt to cut the bite or suck out the venom, as this will only cause more damage. When appropriate action is taken, rattlesnake bites are rarely deadly.

Black Bears

Black bears are the only species of bear currently found in Southern California, although this is not their native range. Current populations in San Gabriel and San Bernardino Mountains likely descended from bears introduced in the 1930s.

Bear signs are the best indicator that there may be bears in the area. Scat, clumps of long fur stuck in trees, torn open logs and anthills, and claw and tooth marks in tree bark are further indications of bear presence.

Claw and tooth marks high up on trees also serve as signposts, advertising the size of a bear and indicating a challenge to rivals.

When recreating in black bear habitat, make noise so you do not startle a bear. Keep the camp site clean and NEVER store your food inside a tent.

Black bears are typically crepuscular, active during the early morning and evening, but they may be active throughout the day or night.

Bear cubs are rarely alone; never approach or pick up a cub.

In the event of an encounter, never turn your back on or try to run from a black bear. Maintain eye contact, make yourself look big, pick up small children and give the bear an escape route.

Do not climb a tree to escape, as black bears are adept climbers.

Attacks by black bears are very rare; in the unlikely event of an attack, FIGHT BACK. Throw stones, make noise and stay aggressive.

Mountain Lions

Deer are the primary food source of mountain lions; the presence of deer indicates a likely presence of mountain lions. These elusive cats are opportunistic predators and will feed on various prey including small mammals and birds, as well as livestock and domestic animals.

Avoid looking like prey species: never bend, turn your back or run from a mountain lion as this may trigger their predatory instincts. If you encounter a mountain lion, make yourself appear large and act aggressive. Pick up small children without bending over, if possible. Open your jacket, raise and wave your arms, throw stones or sticks (without bending to pick them up) and speak loudly.

The most important thing to remember when enjoying the outdoors is that you must remain aware of your surroundings and potential dangers at all times. Never hike alone, know your gear, and respect your limitations.